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Basics

In Python, everything is an object, including functions.

Variable declarations​

Assignment is done using the = operator.

Data types​

Data types are set to variables on the first value that is assigned.

Text

  • str

Numeric

  • int
  • float
  • complex

Sequence

  • list
  • tuple
  • range

Mapping

  • dict

Set

  • set
  • frozenset

Boolean

  • bool

Binary

  • bytes
  • bytearray
  • memoryview

None

  • NoneType

Examples:

x = "Hello World"
x = 20
x = 20.5

Specific data types can be set

x = str("Hello World")
x = int(20)
x = float(20.5)

Functions​

Functions are defined using the def keyword and indentation is used to show code blocks.

def my_function():
  print("Hello World")

my_function()

Parameters are passed as like in any other language.

def my_function(name):
  print("Hello " + name)

my_function("Bob")

Arbitary number of arguments.

def my_function(*names):
  print("The fisrt names is: " + names[0])

my_function("Alice", "Bob", "Catherine")

Conditionals​

If statement​

A simple way to run code if a condition is met

if <expression>:
  <statement>

Else and elif​

Else is used to run statements if the first condition is false

if <expression>:
  <statement_if_true>
else
  <statement_if_false>

Elif is used to combine if statements

if <expression>:
  <statement_if_true>
elif <expression_two>
  <statement_if_two>
else
  <statement_if_false>

Loops​

While loop​

Run statements while a condition is true.

while <expression>:
  <statement>

For loop​

For loops run for a set number of iterations.

for <iterator_var> in <sequence>:
  <statement>

Example.

n = 4
for i in range(0, n):
  print(i)

continue can be used to go to the next iteration in the for loop. break can be used to exit the for loop. pass is a statement that does nothing in each loop iteration.